More than half of deaths (205 cases) involved children under 2 years of age, and 74 of them involved suspected drugs not licensed in that age‐group. The use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation will also be evaluated.Īn original report published in 2017 showed that the use of antihistamines is associated with severe and unexpected adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and 400 patients had a fatal outcome. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the 30-year-history of cetirizine. Cetirizine is administered at the dose of 0.25 mg/kg/day (1 drop = 0.5 mg). Nowadays, cetirizine use is licensed for children and adolescents for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) children should be older than 2 years old, although the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed cetirizine also for children aged over 6 months. In allergic subjects, the drug acts to antagonize the secretion of histamine, inhibit the recruitment of eosinophils, release leukotriene B4, and decrease the expression of the vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), thus also exerting a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. Cetirizine exceeds the blood–brain barrier in minimal quantities and, for this reason, does not cause the classic sedative effects associated with other antihistamines. Adolescents could take cetirizine once a day, as well as adults. In children, the cetirizine half-life is reduced because of their increased hepatic metabolism this may justify the occasional need to double the daily dose. Cetirizine is an orally administered drug that reaches a peak concentration about 2 h after its administration in children it is then only slightly metabolized in the liver and then eliminated by renal excretion. Although its history began more than 30 years ago, it remains one of the most used drugs in children, accounting for about 9% of all paediatric prescriptions. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Ĭetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine derived from the metabolism of hydroxyzine, with high specificity for the H1 receptors and antiallergic properties. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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